Name Region Volume (24h) Fees Fiat money Pairs Top pairs Features News
Unknown 788,232.74 BTC
Maker
0.02%
0%
Taker
0.05%
0.0153%
671 (25%)
(19%)
(4%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
20% fee discount
Seychelles 730,188.74 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.015%
Taker
0.1%
0.032%
102 (29%)
(29%)
(18%)
Futures contract
(250x leverage)
Options contract
10% fee discount
Crypto market crash in October marked end of ‘easy yield’ era: BitMEX
Unknown 148,278.59 BTC
0.1%
0%




And much more...
2547 (22%)
(16%)
(8%)
Margin trading
20% fee discount
🐸 Litecoin & Kraken Support for $PEP! Next Milestone: Binance, Coinbase & OKX
Panama 82,925.45 BTC
Maker
0.03%
0%
Taker
0.05%
0%
15 (87%)
(9%)
(2%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Options contract
10% fee discount
TRON Daily Report – 2026-01-22: TRX Consolidates Near $0.30 as MetaMask Integration & Deribit Options Bolster Utility Rails
Cayman-Islands 81,700.74 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.02%
Taker
0.1%
0.0338%
1118 (65%)
(20%)
(0%)
Margin trading
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Up to $3,000
in rewards
🚀 BitMart Earn: Grow Your Crypto Effortlessly
Saint-Vincent-and-the-Grenadines 64,967.01 BTC
Maker
0.08%
0.006%
Taker
0.1%
0.03%
593 (35%)
(26%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
Surviving the Capitulation: How Bitunix’s Dual-Price Mechanism Protects You from Unfair Crypto Liquidations
Canada 56,760.32 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.02%
Taker
0.2%
0.06%
1302 (47%)
(19%)
(18%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
MAJOR LISTING ALERT Biconomy Confirms Patos Meme Coin!
Singapore 56,375.18 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.02%
Taker
0.1%
0.05%
349 (74%)
(15%)
(2%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Trapped funds on Pionex global site - inconsistent policy
Singapore 50,304.81 BTC
Maker
0.06%
0.02%
Taker
0.07%
0.06%
1002 (49%)
(18%)
(4%)
Up to $3,000
in rewards
Bitrue Launches 200,000 XRP Trading Event to Mark Start of 2026
Singapore 48,936.11 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.02%
Taker
0.2%
0.06%
467 (42%)
(30%)
(5%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
RWAMP Launches Initial Exchange Offering on Coinstore: Digital Ownership Backed by Real-World Assets
Singapore 48,837.66 BTC
0.2%
0.01%
468 (60%)
(8%)
(5%)
Futures contract
(200x leverage)
BYDFi or CoinW? Looking for the path of least resistance
Hong-Kong 47,828.67 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.02%
Taker
0.2%
0.06%
1140 (29%)
(13%)
(12%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
15% fee discount
LBank Unveils New Year Crypto Campaign
Seychelles 47,283.13 BTC 0.2% 250 (78%)
(7%)
(3%)
Patos Meme Coin Listing on Azbit (SPOT) Exchange (CoinGabbar Report)
United-Arab-Emirates 43,656.09 BTC
0.2%
0.02%
1679 (26%)
(13%)
(4%)
Margin trading
20% fee discount
Seychelles 42,778.93 BTC
Maker
0%
0%
Taker
0.01%
0%
2664 (38%)
(21%)
(3%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
Binance and Franklin Templeton Launch Tokenized MMF Collateral Program | MEXC News
Hong-Kong 41,852.73 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.005%
Taker
0.1%
0.02%


1168 (36%)
(32%)
(3%)
KuCoin Highlights Trust-First Infrastructure at Consensus Hong Kong, Defining Trust as a Key Factor in Exchange Selection
Indonesia 36,441.44 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.1%
Taker
0.21%
0.11%

41 (52%)
(18%)
(8%)
Review Aplikasi Reku
Singapore 33,596.62 BTC
Maker
0.15%
0%
Taker
0.3%
0.044%


604 (43%)
(23%)
(19%)
Seychelles 32,082.74 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.02%
Taker
0.1%
0.05%
358 (33%)
(25%)
(19%)
Futures contract
(200x leverage)
United-States-of-America 31,911.48 BTC
Maker
0.4%
0%
Taker
0.6%
0.05%


497 (42%)
(15%)
(7%)
Margin trading
Stop orders
API sandbox
🐸 Litecoin & Kraken Support for $PEP! Next Milestone: Binance, Coinbase & OKX
Singapore 29,975.20 BTC
Maker
0.15%
0%
Taker
0.2%
0.01%
626 (30%)
(11%)
(9%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Options contract
$30,000 Deposit
Rewards
Best & Safe Crypto Exchange for US Users? OKX, MEXC, Bybit, BYDFi?
South-Korea 27,222.27 BTC
0.25%
0.05%

689 (9%)
(9%)
(8%)
XRP Withdrawals Surge: Upbit Sees New Record High
Cayman-Islands 26,715.01 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.02%


4641 (44%)
(11%)
(4%)
20% fee discount
Seychelles 25,249.57 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.006%
Taker
0.2%
0.03%
903 (45%)
(21%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Official Apology statement from Toobit
Seychelles 24,854.88 BTC
Maker
0.18%
-0.01%
Taker
0.36%
0.03%


727 (33%)
(18%)
(5%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
🐸 Litecoin & Kraken Support for $PEP! Next Milestone: Binance, Coinbase & OKX
Singapore 24,038.13 BTC
Maker
0.15%
0%
Taker
0.2%
0.08%
790 (45%)
(22%)
(6%)
Margin trading
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Estonia 21,932.85 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.01%
Taker
0.1%
0.035%

770 (13%)
(9%)
(6%)
Margin trading WhiteBIT banned in Russia as “undesirable”. Russia’s Prosecutor General said the platform backed Ukraine-linked fundraising, triggering a nationwide halt under the law on undesirable organizations.
Singapore 20,668.58 BTC
Maker
0.2%
-0.015%
Taker
0.2%
0.02%
729 (41%)
(34%)
(5%)
Margin trading
Futures contract
We are 3rd in top 10 gain on ascendex exchange
Australia 20,479.70 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.0125%
Taker
0.2%
0.0375%
464 (30%)
(12%)
(5%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
Has anyone had their Hotcoin account suspended for 'frequent orders'?
United-States-of-America 19,809.22 BTC
Maker
0.25%
0%
Taker
0.4%
0.001%


1437 (18%)
(15%)
(9%)
Futures contract
(50x leverage)
Margin trading
Dark pool
BitGo Instant
🐸 Litecoin & Kraken Support for $PEP! Next Milestone: Binance, Coinbase & OKX
Canada 18,746.22 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.04%
Taker
0.1%
0.006%
797 (33%)
(21%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(200x leverage)
BVOX New User Campaign Is Now Live – Don’t Miss Your Exclusive Rewards!
Estonia 18,359.42 BTC 0.15%
153 (22%)
(18%)
(14%)
Cape will be listed on indoex and BTSE on 27 Feb!
Seychelles 17,772.36 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.0094%
Taker
0.2%
0.0163%


673 (16%)
(13%)
(3%)
20% fee discount We can make pep viral by commenting on all the viral posts of the day plus the exchanges , we got noticed by htx by the way , raid the above
Seychelles 17,121.33 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.016%
Taker
0.1%
0.0256%


736 (34%)
(10%)
(3%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
20% fee discount
How to DOWNLOAD BITGET EXCHANGE APP in India (Step by Step)
Unknown 16,509.35 BTC
0.15%
0.05%

120 (67%)
(19%)
(3%)
Futures contract
(10x leverage)
BitDelta is thrilled to announce the official listing of the metaverse gaming token $ATOZ from the @racekingdom_io project on our spot exchange platform. Dive into trading and immerse yourself in the gaming experience!
South-Korea 15,383.83 BTC
0.25%
0%
447 (22%)
(15%)
(15%)
South Korea Exchange Bithumb Admits System Flaws Caused $40 Billion Bitcoin Error
Singapore 14,937.28 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.02%
Taker
0.1%
0.05%
1009 (33%)
(16%)
(13%)
Futures contract
(150x leverage)
5% fee discount
Operating Copy Trading on BingX
Panama 14,280.54 BTC
Maker
0.2%
-0.005%
Taker
0.2%
0.07%

973 (42%)
(18%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Margin trading
10% fee discount
💪 Poloniex exchange announces support for the upcoming eCash (XEC) network upgrade! ⚙️
Lithuania 14,277.20 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.01%
Taker
0.2%
0.1%

151 (25%)
(24%)
(20%)
P2B сryptocurrency exchange | Buy and sell Bitcoin, Ether on the crypto trading platform
Cayman-Islands 10,443.15 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.0325%
495 (43%)
(12%)
(6%)
Futures contract
(150x leverage)
5% fee discount
Blofin Review
United-States-of-America 9,765.16 BTC
Maker
0.02%
0%
Taker
0.05%
0.01%
343 (53%)
(15%)
(11%)
Futures contract
(50x leverage)
Singapore 9,299.75 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.0325%

620 (34%)
(10%)
(6%)
Margin trading Trade Stocks & Precious Metals 24/7 on Phemex TradFi – Crypto-Style Futures for Gold, Silver, TSLA & More
British-Virgin-Islands 8,741.49 BTC
Maker
0.2%
-0.02%
Taker
0.2%
0.036%


1211 (30%)
(23%)
(3%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
SRX listed on BTSE
Singapore 7,079.83 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.06%
Taker
0.2%
0.07%
261 (40%)
(17%)
(13%)
Margin trading
10% fee discount
Hacker steals $27 million in BigONE exchange crypto breach
British-Virgin-Islands 6,522.97 BTC 0%

238 (31%)
(20%)
(10%)
Margin trading
BitGo Instant
Bitfinex still not complying to EU laws lol
United-Kingdom 6,466.74 BTC
Maker
0.3%
0%
Taker
0.4%
0.006%



295 (55%)
(6%)
(5%)
Stop order
Ripple gateway
BitGo Instant
Bitstamp fait des contrôles de KYC ou essaie de voler nos fonds ?
United-Kingdom 5,138.85 BTC
Maker
0.4%
0%
Taker
0.55%
0.02%

88 (48%)
(18%)
(14%)
Another Exchange „TrubitPro“ listed CKB
Spain 4,708.00 BTC
Maker
0.5%
0%
Taker
0.6%
0.001%



316 (33%)
(17%)
(16%)
ODDO BHF Launches EUROD Euro-Backed Stablecoin on Bit2Me Crypto Exchange
Singapore 4,519.55 BTC
0.3%
0.1%
616 (43%)
(6%)
WMT(1%)
Futures contract
(200x leverage)
Coinbase, BYDFi, or Binance? Need honest suggestion.
Netherlands 3,786.97 BTC
Maker
0.15%
0%
Taker
0.25%
0.01%


448 (34%)
(9%)
(7%)
Bitvavo – 50 EUR in crypto for deposit and trade (EU, Norway, Switzerland)
United-States-of-America 2,708.51 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0%
Taker
0.4%
0.03%

397 (23%)
(23%)
(23%)
API sandbox State-Backed Hackers Exploit Google's Gemini AI for Cyber Attacks
Turkey 2,398.09 BTC
Maker
0.25%
0%
Taker
0.35%
0.06%

264 (5%)
(5%)
(3%)
Poland 2,240.93 BTC
Maker
0.49%
0%
Taker
0.98%
0.04%
1228 (53%)
(27%)
(14%)
$50 credit Another major exchange (LATOKEN) has decided to list both Zano and fUSD!
Ukraine 1,863.28 BTC 0.2%
121 (25%)
(23%)
(12%)
Unknown 1,793.91 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.01%
Taker
0.25%
0.04%
1092 (38%)
(22%)
(7%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Margin trading
[FORENSIC DATA] Deep Dive into the Alleged Changelly/HitBTC Nexus.
Saint-Kitts-and-Nevis 1,753.24 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.031%
Taker
0.5%
0.031%

650 (38%)
(23%)
(7%)
BCH market
Margin trading
Futures contract
(75x leverage)
Malta 1,719.19 BTC
0.1%
0.01%

157 (39%)
(23%)
(7%)
Crypto exchange CrossTower inks deal to acquire prime brokerage Bequant
Chile 1,632.62 BTC
Maker
0.28%
0.04%
Taker
0.59%
0.06%


119 (41%)
(25%)
(8%)
Turkey 1,607.57 BTC
Maker
0.12%
0.01%
Taker
0.2%
0.01%

351 (8%)
(5%)
(4%)
Nuovo furto BTCTurk hot wallet: sottratti 48 milioni di dollari in Turchia
Hong-Kong 1,597.57 BTC
Maker
0.2%
-0.02%
Taker
0.2%
0.04%

1444 (25%)
(13%)
(5%)
Margin trading
Stop Limit
Futures contract
7.5% fee discount
CoinEx Monthly Spotlights (Jan 2026)
Seychelles 1,566.87 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.03%
343 (43%)
(25%)
(8%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Indonesia 1,543.58 BTC
Maker
0.31%
0.246%
Taker
0.31%
0.258%

987 (11%)
(5%)
(2%)
Pertanyaan buat yang nge trade di binance lalu wd di tokocrypto
Singapore 1,476.01 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.04%
Taker
0.1%
0.06%
195 (32%)
(30%)
(9%)
Futures contract
(125x leverage)
Liquidity and Trading Options: BTCC vs Deepcoin - Which Exchange Offers More?
United-Kingdom 1,433.72 BTC
Maker
0.3%
-0.05%
Taker
0.3%
0.02%




And much more...
189 (14%)
(9%)
(6%)
Beware exmocryptoexchange.com and random friend requests if you belong to a travel group
Estonia 1,387.13 BTC 0.2% 60 (9%)
(8%)
(7%)
BitsPay Exchange will list Patos Meme Coin | 4th Cex Confirmation in 24 days (1 per 6 days avg)
Japan 1,132.10 BTC
0.1%
0.03%
8 (77%)
(18%)
(3%)
Margin trading
(15x leverage)
Bitflyer services some facts to learn
Japan 907.29 BTC
Maker
0.05%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0%
25 (90%)
(7%)
(1%)
Interest on deposit Coincheck Group Acquires 3iQ for $112M, Bolstering Global Digital Asset Reach
Argentina 824.58 BTC 0.1% 15 (49%)
(28%)
(7%)
EHOLD Group Acquires Argentinian Crypto Exchange C-Patex Newcryptocurrencynews.com
South-Korea 738.76 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0%
Taker
0.2%
0.01%
395 (25%)
(25%)
(13%)
Margin trading Coinbase to Invest in South Korean Crypto Exchange Coinone
Thailand 738.65 BTC 0.25%
248 (47%)
(26%)
(7%)
TON is going global: Thailand’s Bitkub just onboarded TON for DeFi education.
Switzerland 711.14 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.015%
Taker
0.2%
0.0263%
495 (4%)
(4%)
(4%)
Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Japan 662.73 BTC
0.12%
-0.02%
62 (41%)
(26%)
(19%)
Japan 617.51 BTC
0.05%
-0.01%
18 (48%)
(27%)
(16%)
Margin trading
Mexico 522.51 BTC
Maker
0.5%
0.04%
Taker
0.65%
0.05%


99 (21%)
(11%)
(9%)
Compra de Bitcoin en exchange que no sea Bitso
Unknown 490.43 BTC
0.2%
0.06%
344 (35%)
(18%)
(4%)
No KYC required NonKyc.io just launched the first ZANO/FUSD pair
South-Africa 349.29 BTC
Maker
0%
-0.01%
Taker
0.1%
0.01%

163 (83%)
(5%)
(3%)
VALR recently completed a Proof of Reserves audit:
Taiwan 338.37 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.01%
Taker
0.2%
0.036%

35 (67%)
(9%)
(6%)
BitoPro exchange links Lazarus hackers to $11 million crypto heist
Thailand 333.40 BTC
0.25%
0.1%

584 (48%)
(11%)
(5%)
India 320.27 BTC 0.25%
289 (9%)
(8%)
(7%)
United-Arab-Emirates 191.40 BTC
Maker
0.08%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.018%
53 (35%)
(23%)
(18%)
Futures contract
(10x leverage)
external heat-sink Backpack Stratagem
Brazil 189.77 BTC
Maker
0.25%
0.02%
Taker
0.5%
0.15%


141 (54%)
(21%)
(5%)
Australia 185.26 BTC
0.5%
0.02%
164 (43%)
(22%)
(6%)
United-States-of-America 158.22 BTC
Maker
0.38%
0%
Taker
0.57%
0.0475%
212 (27%)
(20%)
(11%)
South-Africa 149.92 BTC
Maker
0.4%
0%
Taker
0.6%
0.03%


134 (22%)
(14%)
(14%)
Tax on Luno Trades
Brazil 131.63 BTC
Maker
0.25%
0.015%
Taker
0.5%
0.1%


593 (46%)
(25%)
(22%)
Brazil 129.05 BTC
Maker
0.3%
0.015%
Taker
0.7%
0.25%


349 (33%)
(20%)
(17%)
Australia 120.73 BTC
0.2%
-0.05%

43 (57%)
(27%)
(6%)
Brazil 88.46 BTC
0.2%
0%


178 (39%)
(38%)
(16%)
Cadastro via PIX
South-Korea 72.98 BTC
Maker
0.05%
0%
Taker
0.15%
0.05%
5 (49%)
(31%)
(18%)
BitGo Instant Korbit hit with nearly $2 million fine over widespread AML and KYC failures
South-Korea 71.59 BTC 0.2%
136 (61%)
(15%)
(6%)
Binance has reportedly completed its acquisition of local crypto exchange Gopax - BINANCE BACK IN SOUTH KOREA!
India 60.23 BTC
Maker
0.5%
0.008%
Taker
0.5%
0.035%

413 (39%)
(16%)
(6%)
Margin trading
Futures contract
Getbit and CoinDCX spread comparison.
Canada 43.94 BTC 0.2%
75 (35%)
(26%)
(11%)
KYC at its best! Don't blame NDAX though, they just followed regulations
Estonia 35.37 BTC
Maker
0.3%
0%
Taker
0.45%
0.01%


178 (19%)
(19%)
(14%)
Zondacrypto, the cryptocurrency exchange, extends its partnership with Pogoń Szczecin for another year.
India 34.16 BTC 0.2%
104 (81%)
(6%)
(3%)
ARK added to Bitcoiva exchange
Brazil 29.37 BTC
Maker
0.25%
0%
Taker
0.5%
0.1%



35 (45%)
(28%)
(12%)
Panama 23.48 BTC
5%
0%




And much more...
62 (28%)
(15%)
(15%)
No KYC required
Reputation system
Escrow
10% fee discount
India 22.42 BTC
0.25%
0.03%

224 (31%)
(30%)
(15%)
Bitbns withdrawal or transfer to anyother exchanges
Czech-Republic 20.76 BTC
Maker
0.4%
-0.04%
Taker
0.6%
0.1%

15 (80%)
(6%)
(4%)
New Scam Exchange coinmate.global
Brazil 19.17 BTC
Maker
0.2%
0.05%
Taker
0.5%
0.12%


70 (30%)
(28%)
(11%)
Pagamento de
boletos
Netherlands 18.37 BTC 0.8%
1 (100%) Bitonic – €10 for trading €100 worth of BTC + €10 to refer (EU only)
United-Arab-Emirates 13.64 BTC 0.1% 15 (52%)
(11%)
(6%)
Kinesis gold and silver tradeable on Emirex exchange https://www.valuewalk.com/kinesis-gold-and-silver-tradeable-on-emirex-exchange/
United-States-of-America 13.63 BTC 0.1%
4 (96%)
(3%)
(0%)
Isle-of-Man 6.77 BTC 1%
2 (99%)
(0%)
Credit/Debit cards final post - would it be better living in the UK to start buying bitcoin (1£ a day) with CoinCorner or Strike ? After had my first bitcoin video call with David at Reli.
Nigeria 6.59 BTC
0.3%
0.1%

49 (27%)
(20%)
(15%)
Japan 5.83 BTC
0.3%
0%
35 (62%)
(33%)
(1%)
Thailand 5.18 BTC 0.25%
55 (50%)
(25%)
(19%)
Chile 3.87 BTC
Maker
0.4%
0.1%
Taker
0.8%
0.2%
7 (94%)
(3%)
(1%)
United-Kingdom 3.56 BTC
Maker
0.15%
0%
Taker
0.25%
0.01%



337 (14%)
(14%)
(12%)
Margin trading
GHS Trading
Cloud Mining
Credit/Debit cards
India 3.09 BTC
0.4%
0.1%

497 (25%)
(16%)
(6%)
Stop Limit Madras High Court eclares crypto as "property". Case against WazirX. Zanmai/WazirX must preserve holdings of users.
Italy 1.90 BTC 0%

8 (58%)
(29%)
(7%)
OneTrading is reaching out that they have some funds for me
Croatia 1.15 BTC
Maker
0.1%
0.05%
Taker
0.5%
0.05%


49 (48%)
(19%)
(18%)
Stop limit Croatian exchange BitKonan will stick to Core developers: There is only one Bitcoin
India 0.74 BTC
0.3%
0.2%

189 (21%)
(21%)
(15%)
United-Kingdom 0.47 BTC 0%
5 (47%)
(35%)
(17%)
Bittylicious Thailand - NOW LIVE
United-Kingdom 0.09 BTC
Maker
0.4%
0%
Taker
0.45%
0.06%

23 (97%)
(1%)
(0%)
Margin trading
New-Zealand 0.00 BTC
0.8%
0.4%
1 (100%) Floating Orders Kiwi-Coin (Est. 2014) Shuts Jan 1, 2026 - NZ OG BTC Exchange Latest De-Risking Casualty
Germany 0.00 BTC 0.4% 88 (40%)
(35%)
(12%)
Yenten on Exbitron
Brazil 0.00 BTC 0.2%
1 (100%) One Of The Largest Brazilian Banks Bradesco Shuts Down Accounts Of Crypto Exchange Bitblue
Brazil 0.00 BTC 0.12%
1 (100%)
Unknown 0 BTC 0.2% 42 No KYC required
Slovenia 0 BTC
Maker
0.5%
0.01%
Taker
0.5%
0.03%


0 Mining What are you guys doing with NiceHash payouts? Hold, sell, or DCA into other coins?
Indonesia 0 BTC
Maker
0.21%
0.2%
Taker
0.31%
0.3%

496 FAAS | DigiAsia Corp (FAAS) Partners with Indodax to Power Fiat Transfers for Indonesia's Largest Crypto Exchange
Australia 0 BTC
Maker
0.1%
-0.01%
Taker
0.1%
0.01%
97 Futures contract
(100x leverage)
Brazil 0 BTC
0.5%
0.1%

0 Digitracom
Seychelles 0 BTC
Maker
0.08%
0%
Taker
0.1%
0.03%
0 Futures contract
(50x leverage)
Options contract
Brazil 0 BTC 0% 44 CONHEÇA A MOEDA B2U Coin | a criptomoeda da Exchange Bitcointoyou - Dicas sobre Bitcoin - mais rápido rápido
127 exchanges from 42 countries (updated )